sins; he compels them to obey and leads them in thanksgiving (Jer 31:34; Ezek 16:60–63; 20:42–44; 36:24–38). It is reception of the Spirit that proves beyond doubt that Jews and Gentiles are the vanguard for the renewed Israel of the new exodus that God has been promising (see esp. Isa 44:1–4; Ezek 39:25–29). The overall construction of Romans 8 develops the theme of the Christian life empowered by the Spirit (vv. 1–17), Christian life, and the unshakeable hope (vv. 18–30), and then Christian life
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